The West End (Historical Marker)
GPS Coordinates: 38.8032055, -77.0581885
Closest Address: 1456 Duke Street, Alexandria, VA 22314

Here follows the inscription written on this historical marker:
The West End
Alexandria Heritage Trail
The area around duke street between Hooff's Run and the base of Shuter's Hill was once known as "West End." Originally subdivided and sold by John and Thomas West in the 1780s, West End became a thriving community well positioned for commerce along the Little River Turnpike (now Duke Street). The City of Alexandria annexed West End in 1915, and eventually its distinctive name was lost. With subsequent annexations, the current western portion of Alexandria became known as West End.
By 1815, a variety of tradesmen had established their homes and businesses at West End. Butchers, tanners, millers, carriage maker, tavernkeepers, wheelwrights, blacksmiths, soap and candle makers chose West End for availability of large land parcels outside the town limits and proximity to customers traveling on the thoroughfares. Within the next 100 years, West End residents also engaged in slave dealing, glassmaking, brewing beer, selling dry goods and food, providing water, as well as growing flowers in commercial-scale greenhouses.
"West End--a village joining this city and separated from the Corporation limits by Hooff's Run, is a very old place… We have heard old people say that they remembered when West End, was in one sense, 'a shipping port' for that they have seen a flat bottom boat come up Hooff's Run to the Stone Bridge, land oysters there, and take on board a return cargo " — Alexandria Gazette, September 28, 1868
While some families continued in West End for generations, there was a great deal of transiency among tradesmen. Charles Jones advertised: "... he has again commenced business at WEST END Duke Street.... Coachmaking... having a number of steady workmen in different Branches, and all kinds of materials for carrying on his business Extensively." Yet Jones left next year and rented his buildings to James Sheehy for his Soap and Candle Manufactory. Sheehy advertised that he kept "a few thousand weight of hogs lard" on hand. —Alexandria Gazette 2/27/1798; 12/21/1811.
From throughout the region, employers came to West End for Hiring Out Day every New Year's Day until the Civil War. African American "...men, women and children, mechanics, fieldhands, dining room servants... eating, drinking, fiddling and dancing; all their own masters, so far as having the privilege of selecting their homes for the next year goes. —Alexandria Gazette, January 14, 1860.
(sidebar) Several archaeological investigations have been conducted in advance of new construction in West End. Archaeologists have discovered the remnants of homes which lined Duke Street, the West End Brewery, the Virginia Glass Company, Cameron Mills and the burial vault of the West family, for which West End was named. Some of these sites are protected underground. The 60-foot long cellar for cooling beer survives under Duke Street between Dulany and Diagonal streets, and portions of the bottle factory's gas furnaces and flues are under Carlyle Street circle.
The brick structure at 1707 Duke is the last remaining West End building. Constructed as a home in 1819, it is remembered as the "Bruin Slave Jail" where African Americans were brought before transport to southern markets for resale.
1864 Photograph:
In one view of the few views of West End, a large building can be seen in this 1864 photograph take from Shuter's Hill looking east. Samuel Catts' Tavern, also known as Drovers' Rest, catered to those who drove the cattle to nearby yards for slaughter. Cattle sales, elections and political meetings regularly occurred here.
Close-up of photo on marker, National Archives
Plan of the Town of Alexandria, D.C. with the environs -- M.C. Ewing, 1845:
West End was established near three commercial arteries: Little River Turn Pike (Duke Street), Leesburg Turnpike (King Street) and Hooff's Run, a navigable stream. The village extended from the water company at the base of Shuter's Hill east of Hooff's Run.
Close-up of map on marker
1707 Duke Street -- Bruin's Slave Jail:
1707, the last remnant of the old West End, was Bruin's Slave Jail before the Civil War. The Edmonson sisters were held here after the failure of the Pearl escape in 1848. During the Civil War, this building was the courthouse of the restored (Loyal-Unionist) government of Fairfax County.